The U.S. Senate passes its version of President Trump’s tax bill

July 2, 2025

The U.S. Senate passed its version of The One, Big, Beautiful Bill (OBBB) by a vote of 51 to 50 on July 1. (Vice President J.D. Vance provided the tiebreaking vote.) At its core, the massive bill is similar to the bill passed by the U.S. House of Representatives last May. It includes extensions of many provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) currently set to expire on December 31.


Both the House and Senate bills include some new and enhanced tax breaks. For example, they contain President Trump’s pledge to exempt tips and overtime from income tax for eligible taxpayers.


Trump also made a campaign promise to eliminate tax on Social Security benefits. That isn’t included in either version of the bill. However, the Senate bill temporarily provides a $6,000 deduction for those age 65 and older for 2025 through 2028 for those with modified adjusted gross income of under $75,000 ($150,000 for married joint filers). The House bill expands the standard deduction for seniors but caps it at $4,000.


In addition, the Senate’s version of the bill introduces other significant changes, including in the state and local tax (SALT) deduction cap and the Child Tax Credit (CTC).


SALT deduction cap


A major sticking point in both branches of Congress is the SALT deduction cap. It’s currently set at $10,000 by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Lawmakers in high-tax states such as California and New York have long sought to increase (or even repeal) the cap.


The House’s version of the bill proposes to permanently increase the cap to $40,000 for those making under $500,000. The Senate-passed bill also calls for increasing the cap to $40,000 for 2025, with an annual 1% increase through 2029. In 2030, the cap would revert to $10,000. It also calls for phasing out the deduction for individuals who earn more than $500,000 in 2025 and then annually increasing the income amount by 1% through 2029.


Child Tax Credit (CTC)


Under current law, the $2,000 per child CTC is set to drop to $1,000 after 2025. The income phaseout thresholds will also be significantly lower. And the requirement to provide the child’s Social Security number (SSN) will be eliminated.


The House’s version of the OBBB would make the CTC permanent, raise it to $2,500 per child for tax years 2025 through 2028 and retain the higher income phaseout thresholds. It would also preserve the requirement to provide a child’s SSN and expand it to require an SSN for the taxpayer (generally the parent) claiming the credit. After 2028, the CTC would return to $2,000 and be adjusted annually for inflation.


The Senate’s version of the bill would also make the CTC permanent, but would increase it to $2,200, subject to annual inflation increases. It would require SSNs for both the parent claiming the credit and the child.


Next steps


These are just a few of the provisions in the massive tax and spending bill. The proposed legislation is currently back with the House of Representatives for further debate and a vote. President Trump has set a deadline to sign the bill into law by July 4, but it’s currently uncertain if the House can pass the bill in time. Stay tuned.


© 2025

October 14, 2025
Saving taxes probably isn’t your primary reason for supporting your favorite charities. But tax deductions can be a valuable added benefit. If you donate long-term appreciated stock, you potentially can save even more. Not just a deduction Appreciated publicly traded stock you’ve held more than one year is long-term capital gains property. If you donate it to a qualified charity, you may be able to enjoy two tax benefits. First, if you itemize deductions, you can claim a charitable deduction equal to the stock’s fair market value. Second, you won’t be subject to the capital gains tax you’d owe if you sold the stock. Donating appreciated stock can be especially beneficial to taxpayers facing the 3.8% net investment income tax (NIIT) or the top 20% long-term capital gains rate this year. The strategy in action Let’s say you donate $15,000 of stock that you paid $5,000 for, your ordinary-income tax rate is 37% and your long-term capital gains rate is 20%. Let’s also say you itemize deductions. If you sold the stock, you’d pay $2,000 in tax on the $10,000 gain. If you were also subject to the 3.8% NIIT, you’d pay another $380 in NIIT. By instead donating the stock to charity, you save $7,930 in federal tax ($2,380 in capital gains tax and NIIT plus $5,550 from the $15,000 income tax deduction). If you donated $15,000 in cash, your federal tax savings would be only $5,550. 3 important considerations There are a few things to keep in mind when considering a stock donation: 1. The charitable deduction will provide a tax benefit only if your total itemized deductions exceed your standard deduction. For 2025, the standard deduction is $15,750 for singles and married couples filing separately, $23,625 for heads of households, and $31,500 for married couples filing jointly. 2. Donations of long-term capital gains property are subject to tighter deduction limits. The limits are 30% of your adjusted gross income for gifts to public charities and 20% for gifts to nonoperating private foundations (compared to 60% and 30%, respectively, for cash donations). 3. Don’t donate stock that’s worth less than your basis. Instead, sell the stock so you can deduct the loss and then donate the cash proceeds to charity.  A tried-and-true year-end tax strategy If you expect to itemize deductions on your 2025 tax return, making charitable gifts by December 31 is a great way to reduce your tax liability. And donating highly appreciated stock you’ve hesitated to sell because of the tax cost can be an especially smart year-end strategy. To learn more about minimizing capital gains tax or maximizing charitable deductions, contact us today. © 2025
October 13, 2025
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), signed into law July 4, 2025, extends or enhances many tax breaks for businesses. But the legislation terminates several business-related clean energy tax incentives earlier than scheduled. For example, the Qualified Commercial Clean Vehicle Credit (Section 45W) had been scheduled to expire after 2032. Under the OBBBA, it’s available only for vehicles that were acquired on or before September 30, 2025. For other clean energy breaks, businesses can still take advantage of them if they act soon. Deduction for energy-efficient building improvements The Section 179D deduction allows owners of new or existing commercial buildings to immediately deduct the cost of certain energy-efficient improvements rather than depreciate them over the 39-year period that typically applies. The OBBBA terminates the Sec. 179D deduction for property beginning construction after June 30, 2026. Besides commercial building owners, eligible taxpayers include: Tenants and real estate investment trusts (REITs) that make qualifying improvements, and Certain designers — such as architects and engineers — of government-owned buildings and buildings owned by nonprofit organizations, religious organizations, tribal organizations, and nonprofit schools or universities. The Sec. 179D deduction is available for new construction as well as additions to or renovations of commercial buildings of any size. (Multifamily residential rental buildings that are at least four stories above grade also qualify.) Eligible improvements include depreciable property installed as part of a building’s interior lighting system, HVAC and hot water systems, or the building envelope. To be eligible, an improvement must be part of a plan designed to reduce annual energy and power costs by at least 25% relative to applicable industry standards, as certified by an independent contractor or licensed engineer. The base deduction is calculated using a sliding scale, ranging from 50 cents per square foot for improvements that achieve 25% energy savings to $1 per square foot for improvements that achieve 50% energy savings. Projects that meet specific prevailing wage and apprenticeship requirements are eligible for bonus deductions. Such deductions range from $2.50 per square foot for improvements that achieve 25% energy savings to $5 per square foot for improvements that achieve 50% energy savings. Other clean energy tax breaks for businesses Here are some additional clean energy breaks affected by the OBBBA: Alternative Fuel Vehicle Refueling Property Credit (Section 30C). The OBBBA eliminates the credit for property placed in service after June 30, 2026. (The credit had been scheduled to sunset after 2032.) Property that stores or dispenses clean-burning fuel or recharges electric vehicles is eligible. The credit is worth up to $100,000 per item (each charging port, fuel dispenser or storage property). Clean Electricity Investment Credit (Section 48E) and Clean Electricity Production Credit (Section 45Y). The OBBBA eliminates these tax credits for wind and solar facilities placed in service after 2027, unless construction begins on or before July 4, 2026. Wind and solar projects begun after that date must be put in service by the end of 2027. Advanced Manufacturing Production Credit (Section 45X). Under the OBBBA, wind energy components won’t qualify for the credit after 2027. The legislation also modifies the credit in other ways. For example, it adds “metallurgical coal” suitable for the production of steel to the list of critical minerals. And, for critical materials other than metallurgical coal, the credit will now phase out from 2031 through 2033. The credit for metallurgical coal expires after 2029. Act soon Many of these clean energy breaks are disappearing years earlier than originally scheduled, leaving limited time for businesses to act. If your business has been exploring clean energy investments, now is the time to consider moving forward. We can help you evaluate eligibility, maximize available tax breaks and structure projects to meet applicable requirements before time runs out. Contact us today to discuss what steps you can take to capture tax benefits while they’re available. © 2025 
October 9, 2025
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) introduced or updated numerous business-related tax provisions. The changes that are likely to have a major impact on employers and payroll management companies include new information return and payroll tax reporting rules. Let’s take a closer look at what’s new beginning in 2026 — and what businesses need to do in 2025. Increased reporting thresholds go into effect in 2026 Businesses generally must report payments made during the year that equal or exceed the reporting threshold for rents; salaries; wages; premiums; annuities; compensation; remuneration; emoluments; and other fixed or determinable gains, profits and income. Similarly, recipients of business services generally must report payments they made during the year for services rendered that equal or exceed the statutory threshold. This information is reported on information returns, including Forms W-2, Forms 1099-MISC and Forms 1099-NEC. Currently, the reporting threshold amount is $600. For payments made after 2025, the OBBBA increases the threshold to $2,000, with inflation adjustments for payments made after 2026. Reporting qualified tip income and qualified overtime income Effective for 2025 through 2028, the OBBBA establishes new deductions for employees who receive qualified tip income and qualified overtime income. Because these are deductions as opposed to income exclusions, federal payroll taxes still apply to this income. So do federal income tax withholding rules. Also, tip income and overtime income may still be fully taxable for state and local income tax purposes. The issue for employers and payroll management companies is reporting qualified tip and overtime income amounts so that eligible workers can claim their rightful federal income tax deductions. In August, the IRS announced that for 2025 there will be no OBBBA-related changes to federal information returns for individuals, federal payroll tax returns or federal income tax withholding tables. The 2025 versions of Form W-2, Forms 1099, Form 941, and other payroll-related forms and returns will be unchanged. Nevertheless, employers and payroll management companies should begin tracking qualified tip and overtime income immediately and implement procedures to retroactively track qualified tip and overtime income amounts that were paid going back to January 1, 2025. The IRS will provide transition relief for 2025 to ease compliance burdens. Proposed regulations list tip-receiving occupations In September, the IRS released proposed regs that include a list of tip-receiving occupations eligible for the OBBBA deduction for qualified tip income. Eligible occupations are grouped into eight categories: Beverage and food services, Entertainment and events, Hospitality and guest services, Home services, Personal services, Personal appearance and wellness, Recreation and instruction, and Transportation and delivery. The IRS added three-digit codes to each eligible occupation for information return purposes. 2026 Form W-2 draft version The IRS has released a draft version of the 2026 Form W-2. It includes changes that support new employer reporting requirements for the employee deductions for qualified tip income and qualified overtime income and for employer contributions to Trump Accounts, which will become available in 2026 under the OBBBA. Specifically, Box 12 of the draft version adds: Code TA to report employer contributions to Trump Accounts, Code TP to report the total amount of an employee’s qualified cash tip income, and Code TT to report the total amount of an employee’s qualified overtime income. Box 14b has been added to allow employers to report the occupation of employees who receive qualified tip income. Stay on top of the latest guidance The OBBBA makes some significant changes affecting information returns and payroll tax reporting. The IRS will likely continue to issue guidance and regulations. We can help you stay informed on any developments that will affect your business’s reporting requirements. © 2025 
October 9, 2025
As the end of the year approaches, many people give more thought to supporting their favorite charities. If you’re charitably inclined and you itemize deductions, you may be entitled to deduct your charitable donations. Note that the key word here is “may” because there are certain limitations and requirements your donations must meet. To be eligible to claim valuable charitable deductions, you must substantiate your gifts with specific documentation. Here’s a breakdown of the rules. Cash donations Cash donations of any amount must be supported by one of two types of documents that display the charity’s name, the contribution date and the amount: 1. Bank records. These can include bank statements, electronic fund transfer receipts, canceled checks (including scanned images of both sides of a check from the bank’s website) or credit card statements. 2. Written communication. This can be in the form of a letter or email from the charity. A blank pledge card furnished by the charity isn’t sufficient. In addition to the above, cash donations of $250 or more require a contemporaneous written acknowledgement (CWA) from the charity that details the following: The contribution amount, and A description and good faith estimate of the value of any goods or services provided in consideration (in whole or in part) for the donation. A single document can meet both the written communication and CWA requirements. For the CWA to be “contemporaneous,” you must obtain it by the earlier of 1) the extended due date of your tax return for the year the donation is made, or 2) the date you file your return. If you make charitable donations via payroll deductions, you can substantiate them with a combination of an employer-provided document — such as Form W-2 or a pay stub — that shows the amount withheld and paid to the charity, and a pledge card or similar document prepared by or at the direction of the charity showing the charity’s name. For a donation of $250 or more by payroll deduction, the pledge card or other document must also state that the charity doesn’t provide any goods or services in consideration for the donation. Noncash donations If your noncash donation is less than $250, you can substantiate it with a receipt from the charity showing the charity’s name and address, the date of the contribution, and a detailed description of the property. For noncash donations of $250 or more, there are additional substantiation requirements, depending on the size of the donation: Donations of $250 to $500 require a CWA. Donations over $500, but not more than $5,000, require a CWA and you must complete Section A of Form 8283 and file it with your tax return. Section A includes a description of the property, its fair market value and the method of determining that value. Donations over $5,000 require all the above, plus you must obtain a qualified appraisal of the property and file Section B of Form 8283 (signed by the appraiser and the charity). There may be additional requirements in certain situations. For instance, if you donate art of $20,000 or more, or if any donation is valued over $500,000, you must attach a copy of the appraisal to your return. Note: No appraisal is required for donations of publicly traded securities. Additional rules may apply for certain types of property, such as vehicles, clothing and household items, and privately held securities. Charitable giving in 2026 Generally, charitable donations to qualified organizations are fully deductible up to certain adjusted gross income (AGI)-based limits if you itemize deductions. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) creates a nonitemizer charitable deduction of up to $1,000, or $2,000 for joint filers, which goes into effect in 2026. Only cash donations qualify. Also beginning in 2026, a 0.5% floor will apply to itemized charitable deductions. This generally means that only charitable donations in excess of 0.5% of your AGI will be deductible if you itemize deductions. So, if your AGI is $100,000, your first $500 of charitable donations for the year won’t be deductible. Contact us for help developing a charitable giving strategy that aligns with the new rules under the OBBBA and times your gifts for maximum impact. Make charitable gifts for the right reasons For most people, saving taxes isn’t the primary motivator for making charitable donations. However, it may affect the amount you can afford to give. Substantiate your donations to ensure you can claim the deductions you deserve. If you’re unsure whether you’ve properly substantiated your charitable donation, contact us. © 2025 
October 8, 2025
Today’s employees have a wealth of information at their fingertips and many distractions competing for their attention. Maintaining focus and productivity can be challenging. One proven lever for promoting engagement is a performance-based bonus plan. When carefully structured, these plans acknowledge individual contributions while accelerating the company toward its strategic goals. However, if not optimally designed, bonuses can backfire — feeding worker frustration and wasting resources. That’s why the right approach is essential. What are the goals? The first step in creating an effective employee bonus plan is to set specific and reasonable strategic goals that inspire employees and improve your business’s financial performance. They should be tied to metrics that describe intended operational improvements, such as: Increased sales or profits, Enhanced customer retention, or Reduced waste. Structure the bonus plan so that staff members’ priorities and performance goals align with the company’s strategic goals, as well as the purpose of their respective positions. Employee goals must also be specific and measurable. You may allow some workers to set “stretch” goals that require them to exceed normally expected performance levels. But don’t permit anything so difficult that an employee will likely get discouraged and give up. It often makes sense to also set departmental goals. This way, team members can better see how their work, both individually and as a group, propels progress toward company goals. For example, the bonuses of assembly line workers at a manufacturing plant could be tied to limiting unit rejects to no more than 1%. This, in turn, would directly relate to the business’s strategic goal of reducing overall waste by 5%. How can you do it right? A well-structured bonus plan should do more than set employees on a “side quest” to earn more money. Ideally, it needs to educate and inspire them to think more like business owners seeking to grow the company rather than workers earning a paycheck. For starters, keep it simple. Sometimes, bonus plans get so complicated that employees struggle to understand what they must do to receive their awards. Design a straightforward plan that clearly explains all the details. Write it in plain language so both leadership and staff have something to refer to if confusion arises. Also, seek balance when calculating bonus amounts. This can be tricky: A bonus that’s too small won’t provide adequate motivation, while an amount that’s too large could cause cash flow issues or even jeopardize the bottom line. Many businesses structure their incentive arrangements as profit-sharing plans, so payouts are based directly on the company’s profitability. Make the plan flexible, too, by adjusting it as business conditions change. For instance, you might tweak your bonus plan when you update your company’s strategic goals at year end. But don’t set goals that are too open-ended. Measure both strategic and individual goals on a consistent schedule with firm starting and ending dates. Companies generally track goals quarterly or annually. Finally, consider allowing the highest achievers to reap the biggest rewards. In many businesses, salespeople have the biggest impact on the company’s overall performance. If that’s the case for your business, perhaps your sales team should be able to earn the highest amounts. Who can help? A thoughtfully designed bonus plan can align employee efforts with company priorities while supporting long-term growth. Let us help you create one that motivates employees, safeguards your bottom line, and keeps your business in full compliance with the tax and accounting rules. © 2025 
October 7, 2025
For 2025 through 2028, individuals age 65 or older generally can claim a new “senior” deduction of up to $6,000 under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA). But an income-based phaseout could reduce or eliminate your deduction. Fortunately, if your income is high enough that the phaseout is a risk, there are steps you can take before year end to help preserve the deduction. Senior deduction basics You don’t have to be receiving Social Security benefits to claim the senior deduction. If you’re age 65 or older on December 31 of the tax year, you’re potentially eligible. If both spouses of a married couple filing jointly are age 65 or older, each spouse is potentially eligible for the $6,000 deduction, for a combined total of up to $12,000. But you must file a joint return; married couples filing separately aren’t eligible. Combining the senior and standard deductions Taxpayers age 65 or older already are eligible for an additional standard deduction on top of the basic standard deduction. The following examples illustrate how large the three deductions can be on a combined basis for 2025: Single filer. An unmarried individual age 65 or older can potentially deduct a total of up to $23,750: $15,750 for the basic standard deduction plus $2,000 for the additional standard deduction for a senior single filer plus $6,000 for the new senior deduction. Joint filer. If both members of a married couple are age 65 or older, they can potentially deduct a total of up to $46,700: $31,500 for the joint filer basic standard deductions plus two times $1,600 for the additional standard deductions for senior joint-filers plus two times $6,000 for the new senior deduction. How the phaseout works The senior deduction begins to phase out when modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) exceeds $75,000 for single filers or $150,000 for joint filers. The deduction is eliminated when MAGI exceeds $175,000 or $250,000, respectively. Specifically, the deduction is phased out by 6% of the excess of your MAGI over the applicable phaseout threshold. For this purpose, MAGI means your “regular” AGI increased by certain tax-exempt offshore income (which most taxpayers don’t have). Here are two examples: Example 1. For 2025, you’re a single individual age 65 or older. Your MAGI for the year is $130,000. Under the phaseout, your senior deduction is reduced by $3,300 [6% × ($130,000 − $75,000)]. So your senior deduction is $2,700 ($6,000 − $3,300). Example 2. For 2025, you and your spouse file jointly. You’re both age 65 or older. Your MAGI for the year is $220,000. Under the phaseout rule, your two senior deductions are reduced by $4,200 each [6% × ($220,000 − $150,000)]. So your senior deduction is $1,800 each ($6,000 − $4,200), or $3,600 on a combined basis. Year-end planning tips If you’re concerned your 2025 MAGI could exceed the applicable phaseout threshold — or that your senior deduction could be completely phased out — there are moves you can make by December 31 to help maximize your deduction. Specifically, take steps to reduce your MAGI. Here are some potential ways to do it: Harvest capital losses in taxable brokerage accounts to offset capital gains that would otherwise increase your MAGI. Defer selling appreciated securities held in taxable brokerage accounts to avoid increasing your MAGI by the capital gains you’d recognize if you sold them. If you’re still working, maximize salary-reduction contributions to tax-deferred retirement accounts, like your traditional 401(k), which will reduce your MAGI. Defer or spread out Roth IRA conversions over several years, because your MAGI will be increased by taxable income triggered by the conversions. If you’re age 73 or older and thus subject to required minimum distributions (RMDs) on your traditional IRA(s), consider making IRA qualified charitable distributions (QCDs). Done properly, the QCDs will count toward your RMD and will be excluded from your taxable income and your MAGI. Depending on your situation, there may be other moves you can make that will reduce your MAGI. A valuable tax saver The new senior deduction can be a valuable tax saver for eligible taxpayers. Please contact us with any questions you have. We can help you determine the best year-end tax planning strategies for your particular situation. © 2025 
October 6, 2025
If you have employees who travel for business, you know how frustrating it can be to manage reimbursements and the accompanying receipts for meals, hotels and incidentals. To make this process easier, consider using the “high-low” per diem method. Instead of tracking every receipt, your business can reimburse employees using daily rates that are predetermined by the IRS based on whether the destination is a high-cost or low-cost location. This saves time and reduces paperwork while still ensuring compliance. In Notice 2025-54, the IRS announced the high-low per diem rates that became effective October 1, 2025, and apply through September 30, 2026. How the per diem method works The per diem method provides fixed travel per diems rather than requiring employees to save every meal receipt or hotel bill. Employees simply need to document the time, place and business purpose of their trip. As long as reimbursements don’t exceed the applicable IRS per diem amounts, they aren’t treated as taxable income to the employee and don’t require income or payroll tax withholding. Under the high-low method, the IRS establishes an annual flat rate for certain areas with higher costs. All locations within the continental United States that aren’t listed as “high-cost” are automatically considered “low-cost.” The high-low method may be used in lieu of the specific per diem rates for business destinations. Examples of high-cost areas include Boston and Los Angeles. But many locations are considered high-cost during only part of the year. Some of these partial-year locations are resort areas, while others are major cities where costs may be lower for, say, some of the colder months of the year, such as New York City and Chicago. Under some circumstances — for example, if an employer provides lodging or pays the hotel directly — employees may receive a per diem reimbursement only for their meals and incidental expenses. There’s also a $5 incidental-expenses-only rate for employees who don’t pay or incur meal expenses for a calendar day (or partial day) of travel. The new high-low per diems For travel after September 30, 2025, the per diem rate for high-cost areas within the continental United States is $319. This consists of $233 for lodging and $86 for meals and incidental expenses. For all other areas within the continental United States, the per diem rate is $225 for travel after September 30, 2025 ($151 for lodging and $74 for meals and incidental expenses). For travel during the last three months of 2025, employers must continue to use the same reimbursement method for an employee as they used during the first nine months of the calendar year. Also, note that per diem rates can’t be paid to individuals who own 10% or more of the business. Revisit reimbursement methods As the beginning of a new year approaches, it’s a good time to review how your business reimburses employees’ business travel expenses. Switching from an actual expense method to a per diem method in 2026 could save your business and your employees time and frustration. Contact us if you have questions about efficient and tax-compliant travel reimbursement methods. © 2025 
October 2, 2025
For many individuals, certain assets bypass their wills or trusts and are transferred directly to loved ones through beneficiary designations. These nonprobate assets may include IRAs and certain employer-sponsored retirement accounts, life insurance policies, and some bank and brokerage accounts. This means that if you aren’t careful with your beneficiary designations, some of your assets might not be distributed as you expected. Not only does this undermine your intentions, but it can also create unnecessary conflict and hardship among surviving family members. 3 steps Here are three steps to help ensure your beneficiary designations will align with your estate planning goals: 1. Name a primary beneficiary and a contingent beneficiary. Without a contingent beneficiary for an asset, if the primary beneficiary dies before you — and you don’t designate another beneficiary before you die — the asset will end up in your general estate and may not be distributed as you intended. In addition, certain assets are protected from your creditors, which wouldn’t apply if they were transferred to your estate. To ensure that you control the ultimate disposition of your wealth and protect that wealth from creditors, name both primary and contingent beneficiaries and don’t name your estate as a beneficiary. 2. Reconsider beneficiaries to reflect changing circumstances. Designating a beneficiary isn’t a “set it and forget it” activity. Failure to update beneficiary designations to reflect changing circumstances creates a risk that you’ll inadvertently leave assets to someone you didn’t intend to benefit, such as an ex-spouse.  It’s also important to update your designation if the primary beneficiary dies, especially if there’s no contingent beneficiary or if the contingent beneficiary is a minor. Suppose, for example, that you name your spouse as the primary beneficiary of a life insurance policy and name your minor child as the contingent beneficiary. If your spouse dies while your child is still a minor, it may be advisable to name a new primary beneficiary — such as a trust — to avoid the complications associated with leaving assets to a minor (court-appointed guardianship, etc.). Note that there are many nuances to consider when deciding to name a trust as a beneficiary. 3. Take government benefits into account. If a loved one depends on Medicaid or other government benefits — for example, a disabled child — naming that person as primary beneficiary of a retirement account or other asset may render him or her ineligible for those benefits. A better approach may be to establish a special needs trust for your loved one and name the trust as beneficiary. Avoiding unintentional outcomes Not paying proper attention to beneficiary designations can also expose your estate to costly delays and legal disputes. If a listed beneficiary is no longer living, or if a designation is vague or incomplete, an asset may have to go through probate, which defeats the purpose of naming beneficiaries in the first place. This can increase expenses, delay distributions and create stress for your family during an already difficult time. Carefully making beneficiary designations and regularly reviewing and updating them helps ensure your asset distributions align with your current wishes, helps prevent disputes, and helps protect your family from unintended financial complications. Contact us with questions regarding your estate plan. © 2025
October 1, 2025
Pricing is among the most powerful levers for business owners to calibrate their companies’ profitability. Set prices too low and you risk leaving money on the table. Set them too high and customers may pass you by for cheaper competitors. Your continuous objective should be to find that sweet spot where prices are competitive while supporting your profit margins and long-term growth. Trouble is, that sweet spot tends to move around a lot — so you must regularly reevaluate your pricing strategy. Crunching the numbers To get started, crunch some numbers. Use your financial statements to determine whether your current prices cover both direct costs (such as labor and materials) and indirect costs (such as overhead and administrative expenses). Monitoring costs is critical — especially given today’s economic volatility. Rising expenses related to suppliers, vendors or labor can quickly erode margins if prices remain static. Regularly reviewing the relationship between expenses and pricing helps ensure adjustments are proactive rather than reactive. Another useful step is calculating your breakeven point. This metric tells you how many units you must sell at a given price to cover all costs without incurring a loss. Sales beyond the breakeven point will generate a profit. It’s a good starting point for assessing whether current sales volumes align with your existing pricing strategy. Also, benchmark pricing in relation to your industry and market. Monitor what competitors are charging and compare their prices to yours. A major differential, whether higher or lower, could hurt sales and your business’s reputation if you can’t reasonably rationalize the difference. Listening to customers Negative customer behavior is another indication that your pricing strategy may be suboptimal. Are customers constantly pushing back on price, whether during the sales process or when interacting with customer service? If so, you might want to modulate prices slightly lower. On the other hand, if sales are flowing through the pipeline unusually fast, with little resistance, it could mean your prices are too low. Consider customer segmentation as well. This is a process by which you divide your customer base into smaller groups with common characteristics, allowing you to tailor pricing to each group. For example, some customers might be willing to pay a premium for faster service or customized solutions. Customer segmentation can provide cleaner, more useful data that fuels better decision-making. Adjusting cautiously If a thorough analysis reveals your profit margins are too thin, you may want to raise prices. But proceed with caution. Perhaps increase the price of one or two strong sellers and closely monitor the impact. If sales remain steady, you’re probably on the right track — remember, even a subtle price increase can boost profitability. Conversely, if sales suffer, you may need to rethink your pricing strategy. When raising prices, it’s imperative to communicate clearly with customers. Explain why you’re doing it in plain language, focusing on value. Highlight what makes your business different and better than the competition in areas such as quality, expertise and service. Customers are often willing to pay more provided they understand the value they’re getting for their money. Of course, there may also be instances when you choose to lower prices — perhaps for a limited time or even indefinitely. In such cases, customer communication is equally important. More than likely, you’ll want to “shout from the rooftops” that you’re lowering prices. Develop a marketing initiative that effectively communicates this message while covering the details. Getting some help In today’s roller coaster economy, a viable pricing strategy requires ongoing analysis. Regularly review your margins, assess the market, and align prices with your business’s strategic objectives and customer values. Interested in some objective guidance? We can help you analyze costs, apply the right metrics and optimize prices based on current market dynamics. © 2025 
September 30, 2025
Approximately 1.3 million Americans live in nursing homes, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. If you have a parent moving into one, taxes are probably not on your mind. But there may be tax implications. Here are five possible tax breaks. 1. Long-term medical care The costs of qualified long-term care, including nursing home care, are deductible as medical expenses to the extent they, along with other medical expenses, exceed 7.5% of adjusted gross income (AGI). Qualified long-term care services are necessary diagnostic, preventive, therapeutic, curing, treating, mitigating and rehabilitative services, and maintenance or personal-care services required by a chronically ill individual that are provided by a licensed healthcare practitioner. To qualify as chronically ill, a physician or other licensed healthcare practitioner must certify an individual as unable to perform at least two activities of daily living (eating, toileting, transferring, bathing, dressing and continence) for at least 90 days due to a loss of functional capacity or severe cognitive impairment. 2. Nursing home payments Amounts paid to a nursing home are deductible as medical expenses if a person is staying at the facility principally for medical, rather than custodial care. If a person isn’t in the nursing home principally to receive medical care, only the portion of the fee that’s allocable to actual medical care qualifies as a deductible expense. But if the individual is chronically ill, all qualified long-term care services, including maintenance or personal care services, are deductible. If your parent qualifies as your dependent, you can include any medical expenses you incur for your parent along with your own when determining your medical deduction. 3. Long-term care insurance Premiums paid for a qualified long-term care insurance contract are deductible as medical expenses (subject to limitations explained below) to the extent they, along with other medical expenses, exceed the percentage-of-AGI threshold. A qualified long-term care insurance contract covers only qualified long-term care services, doesn’t pay costs covered by Medicare, is guaranteed renewable and doesn’t have a cash surrender value. Qualified long-term care premiums are includible as medical expenses up to certain amounts. For individuals over 60 but not over 70 years old, the 2025 limit on deductible long-term care insurance premiums is $4,810, and for those over 70, the 2025 limit is $6,020. 4. The sale of your parent’s home If your parent sells his or her home, up to $250,000 of the gain from the sale may be tax-free. To qualify for the $250,000 exclusion ($500,000 if married), the seller must generally have owned and used the home for at least two years out of the five years before the sale. However, there’s an exception to the two-out-of-five-year use test if the seller becomes physically or mentally unable to care for him- or herself during the five-year period. 5. Head-of-household filing status If you aren’t married and your parent meets certain dependency tests, you may qualify for head-of-household filing status, which has a higher standard deduction and, in some cases, lower tax rates than single filing status. You might be eligible to file as head of household even if the parent for whom you claim an exemption doesn’t live with you. These are only some of the tax issues you may have to contend with when your parent moves into a nursing home. Contact us if you need more information or assistance. © 2025